Lyocell vs Microbeads
Professional Material Comparison
Lyocell
Lyocell (TENCEL™) - Eucalyptus-Based Fiber
Eco-friendly semi-synthetic fabric derived from wood pulp, renowned for exceptional moisture-wicking, silky softness, and sustainable production
Average Price
$55
Lifespan
10-15 years (as pillowcase fabric)
Microbeads
Polystyrene Microbead Fill (EPS Beads)
Tiny polystyrene foam spheres that shift and conform to provide firm, moldable support
Average Price
$25
Lifespan
2-5 years
Quick Comparison
| Feature | Lyocell | Microbeads |
|---|---|---|
| Support Level | N/A (Cover material only) | Medium to High |
| Firmness | N/A (Fabric cover material) | 6-8/10 (Medium-firm to Firm) |
| Temperature | Excellent cooling - superior moisture management | Cool to Neutral |
| Durability | 10-15 years with proper care | 2-5 years |
| Hypoallergenic | ||
| Avg Price | $55 | $25 |
Physical Properties & Feel
Lyocell
Support Level:
N/A (Cover material only)
Firmness:
N/A (Fabric cover material)
Durability:
10-15 years with proper care
Bounce:
N/A (Fabric)
Contouring:
N/A (Cover material)
Microbeads
Support Level:
Medium to High
Firmness:
6-8/10 (Medium-firm to Firm)
Durability:
2-5 years
Bounce:
Low
Contouring:
High
Temperature Regulation & Breathability
Lyocell
Temperature Rating:
Excellent cooling - superior moisture management
Breathability:
Exceptional breathability due to unique fiber structure and moisture management capabilities. The nanofibril channels within each lyocell fiber create microscopic pathways allowing continuous air circulation while simultaneously absorbing and releasing moisture vapor. Scientific studies confirm lyocell absorbs moisture 50% more efficiently than cotton while wicking it away from skin surface and dispersing into surrounding air. This superior moisture management prevents the buildup of heat and humidity against skin that occurs with cotton and synthetic fabrics. The smooth fiber surface further enhances air permeability compared to cotton's rougher, moisture-holding structure. Independent testing consistently ranks lyocell among the most breathable fabrics available, ideal for hot sleepers and humid climates. The fabric actively supports body's natural thermoregulation by maintaining dry microclimate against skin surface.
Microbeads
Temperature Rating:
Cool to Neutral
Breathability:
Excellent breathability due to air spaces between millions of individual beads. Air circulates freely through bead structure preventing heat buildup and moisture retention. Significantly more breathable than solid foam materials like memory foam. However, breathability can vary based on fabric casing - tight-weave fabrics restrict airflow while mesh or stretchy fabrics enhance circulation. The 98% air composition of expanded polystyrene beads promotes natural temperature regulation. Sleeps cooler than most synthetic pillows.
Certifications & Standards
Lyocell
Microbeads
Advantages & Disadvantages
Lyocell
Advantages
Disadvantages
Microbeads
Advantages
Disadvantages
Expert Recommendation
Both Lyocell and Microbeads are excellent pillow materials with distinct advantages. Your optimal choice depends on your individual sleep needs, physical requirements, budget constraints, and personal preferences.
Choose Lyocell if you:
- •Hot sleepers and night sweats
- •Sensitive skin, eczema, and dermatitis
- •Acne-prone skin
- •Allergy sufferers
Choose Microbeads if you:
- •Neck pain sufferers
- •Frequent travelers needing portable comfort solutions
- •Hot sleepers
- •Allergy sufferers
Ideal Use Cases
Lyocell
Hot sleepers and night sweats - scientifically proven superior moisture-wicking keeps sleepers cool and dry
Sensitive skin, eczema, and dermatitis - clinical studies show reduced redness and itching with lyocell clothing
Acne-prone skin - antibacterial properties prevent bacterial buildup that causes breakouts on pillowcase surface
Allergy sufferers - hypoallergenic properties and moisture control create inhospitable environment for dust mites
Chemical sensitivities - non-toxic, OEKO-TEX certified production free from harmful substances and pesticides
Environmental consciousness - closed-loop sustainable production with minimal water, energy, and chemical use
Those wanting luxury feel on budget timeline - silky softness comparable to expensive silk at more accessible price
People seeking low-maintenance bedding - requires less frequent washing, resists odors, easy machine-washable care
Individuals concerned about hair health - smooth surface reduces friction preventing breakage, tangles, and frizz
Those in humid climates - moisture-wicking prevents dampness and mildew growth in high-humidity environments
Microbeads
Neck pain sufferers - firm contouring provides precise cervical support
Frequent travelers needing portable comfort solutions
Hot sleepers - excellent breathability between beads prevents overheating
Allergy sufferers - synthetic material naturally resists allergens and dust mites
Those wanting unique sensory experience - distinctive squishy, moldable feel
Post-surgery support - can be shaped to support specific body areas
Pregnant women - moldable support for changing body positions and needs
Allergen Resistance & Health Concerns
Lyocell
Hypoallergenic:
Allergies:
Lyocell is naturally hypoallergenic and excellent for allergy sufferers. The smooth, non-irritating fiber surface combined with superior moisture management creates inhospitable environment for dust mites and allergens. Clinical studies demonstrate that individuals with atopic dermatitis experience significantly reduced redness and itching when wearing lyocell clothing compared to conventional fabrics. The closed-loop production process avoids harsh chemicals, pesticides, and toxic substances found in conventional cotton processing, reducing chemical sensitivity reactions. When certified OEKO-TEX Standard 100, lyocell contains no harmful substances that could trigger allergic responses. The moisture-wicking properties keep fabric surface dry, preventing the damp conditions where dust mites and mold thrive. However, standard weave lyocell does not provide complete dust mite barrier unless combined with proper allergen-proof pillow protectors underneath.
Dust Mites:
Lyocell provides excellent protection against dust mites through multiple mechanisms. Superior moisture-wicking capability rapidly removes humidity that dust mites require for survival and reproduction—mites cannot thrive in dry environments below 50% relative humidity. The smooth fiber surface with reduced friction accumulates fewer dead skin cells (dust mite food source) compared to rougher cotton textures. Natural antibacterial properties from moisture management create less hospitable conditions for mites and other microorganisms. Studies show moisture control is more effective for dust mite prevention than chemical treatments. However, standard lyocell weave does not provide complete physical barrier against dust mites penetrating through fabric. For maximum protection, use lyocell pillowcases over allergen-proof pillow protectors with pore sizes under 10 microns. Regular washing in warm water (40°C) effectively removes any dust mites and allergens from lyocell fabric.
Chemical Concerns:
Lyocell production is remarkably free of toxic chemicals compared to conventional textile manufacturing. The revolutionary closed-loop process uses N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO), a non-toxic organic solvent that is 99.8% recovered and reused—unlike viscose rayon which uses toxic carbon disulfide harmful to workers and environment. The eucalyptus and other wood sources grow naturally without pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers, or irrigation on sustainably managed FSC/PEFC certified plantations. No chemical bleaching required since lyocell emerges naturally white from production process. OEKO-TEX Standard 100 certification ensures finished fabric contains no harmful substances including formaldehyde, heavy metals, pesticides, or carcinogenic dyes. EU Ecolabel certification confirms environmentally responsible production throughout entire lifecycle. No VOC off-gassing or synthetic chemical residues. Ideal for chemical sensitivities and health-conscious consumers.
Microbeads
Hypoallergenic:
Allergies:
Generally hypoallergenic for most users. Synthetic polystyrene beads do not contain proteins that trigger allergic reactions. Material naturally resists dust mite colonization, mold growth, and mildew. However, individuals with chemical sensitivities may react to residual styrene vapors, though levels are extremely low in finished products (estimated exposure around 6.6 micrograms per person per day, well below FDA safety limits). Outer fabric casing may harbor allergens over time if not cleaned regularly. Overall considered safe for allergy sufferers when compared to natural fill materials.
Dust Mites:
Synthetic polystyrene material provides inhospitable environment for dust mites. Beads do not provide food source for dust mites (which feed on dead skin cells and natural fibers). However, dust mites can colonize on outer fabric casing over time. The bead core itself remains largely protected from dust mite infiltration when casing is intact. Regular cleaning of outer casing or use of removable, washable covers significantly reduces dust mite accumulation. Research shows synthetic materials accumulate fewer dust mites than natural materials when properly maintained.
Chemical Concerns:
Polystyrene beads are manufactured from styrene monomer, a chemical classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as Group 2A "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" based on occupational exposure studies. However, the U.S. National Toxicology Program states that styrene levels from polystyrene consumer products are "hundreds if not thousands of times lower" than occupational exposures. FDA has determined polystyrene safe for consumer use with estimated daily styrene exposure at 6.6 micrograms per person per day - over 10,000 times below FDA safety limits. New pillows may off-gas slight chemical odor initially that dissipates within days. Choose OEKO-TEX Standard 100 certified products ensuring no harmful substances.
Care & Maintenance
Lyocell
Washable:
Washing Instructions:
Machine washable in cold to lukewarm water (maximum 30-40°C) using gentle or delicate cycle. Use mild, eco-friendly liquid detergent—preferably eucalyptus-based or wool wash. Fully dilute detergent in water before adding pillowcases to prevent staining. Avoid detergents with Optical Brightening Agents (OBAs) which can weaken and discolor fibers. Wash similar colors together and turn pillowcases inside out to protect outer surface. Maximum spinning speed of 400 RPM to prevent fiber stress. Hand washing ideal for longest lifespan. Wash every 1-2 weeks or as needed.
Drying Instructions:
Air drying strongly recommended for maximum fabric longevity—hang or lay flat in well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight. If air drying, pillowcases may feel slightly stiff; remedy by tumbling in dryer on low heat for 10-12 minutes before hanging to achieve soft finish. If machine drying necessary, use lowest heat setting and remove while still slightly damp to minimize wrinkles. Never use high heat which causes shrinkage and fiber damage. Never wring out—gently press to remove excess water. Ensure completely dry before storage to prevent mildew.
Maintenance Tips:
- •Pre-wash new lyocell pillowcases before first use to remove any manufacturing residues and allow initial 3% shrinkage
- •Wash every 1-2 weeks—lyocell's antibacterial properties mean less frequent washing needed than cotton
- •Never use fabric softeners—coat fibers blocking natural moisture-wicking and breathability capabilities
Microbeads
Washable:
Washing Instructions:
NOT machine washable. Machine washing will tear thin fabric casing releasing millions of beads that clog washing machines and plumbing. Some manufacturers provide removable outer covers that can be washed separately while inner bead bladder remains unwashed. Never submerge microbead core in water.
Drying Instructions:
Not applicable - inner bead core should never be washed. If outer cover is removable, tumble dry cover on low heat or air dry flat. Keep microbead core away from all heat sources including dryers as heat can melt or damage polystyrene beads.
Maintenance Tips:
- •Spot clean outer fabric only with damp cloth and mild soap - never saturate
- •Use removable pillowcase over microbead pillow to keep exterior clean
- •Shake and fluff daily to redistribute beads and maintain even distribution
Price Range & Value
Lyocell
Low
$27
Average
$55
High
$100
Expected Lifespan:
10-15 years (as pillowcase fabric)
Microbeads
Low
$10
Average
$25
High
$50
Expected Lifespan:
2-5 years
Durability & Longevity Factors
Lyocell
Factors Affecting Lifespan:
- •Quality of manufacturing - TENCEL™ branded lyocell from Lenzing typically outlasts generic versions
- •Washing frequency and technique - cold water and gentle cycle significantly extend fabric lifespan
- •Drying method - air drying or low heat tumble dry preserves fibers better than high-heat machine drying
- •Detergent type - mild, eco-friendly liquid detergent without optical brightening agents protects fiber integrity
- •Fabric weight and construction - heavier, tighter weaves generally more durable than lightweight constructions
- •Blend composition - 100% lyocell lasts longer than blends with synthetic or lower-quality fibers
- •Storage conditions - cool, dry storage in breathable containers prevents moisture damage and mildew
- •Use of fabric softeners - avoiding softeners and bleach maintains natural properties and extends lifespan
Microbeads
Factors Affecting Lifespan:
- •Fabric casing quality - higher quality casings prevent tearing and bead loss
- •Frequency of use and pressure applied - heavy use compresses beads faster
- •Storage conditions - must be kept away from heat sources that can melt polystyrene
- •Exposure to sunlight - UV radiation degrades polystyrene causing brittleness
- •Quality of bead manufacturing - well-made beads resist compression longer
- •Handling care - rough treatment increases risk of casing tears
Environmental Impact & Sustainability
Lyocell
Sustainability:
Lyocell represents one of the most sustainable textile production processes available. The revolutionary closed-loop manufacturing system recovers and reuses 99.8% of the organic solvent (NMMO) and 95% of process water, creating near-zero waste compared to conventional textile production. Lyocell uses 50% less carbon emissions and 50% less water than generic lyocell/modal, and approximately 20 times less water than cotton cultivation. The fiber is derived from FSC-certified or PEFC-certified sustainably managed forest plantations where eucalyptus, birch, beech, and spruce trees grow rapidly without irrigation (only natural rainfall), pesticides, or fertilizers on land unsuitable for food crops. These plantations do not compete with food production and support biodiversity. Eucalyptus trees specifically are highly efficient, yielding four times more fiber per acre than cotton while absorbing significant atmospheric CO2. Lenzing AG has received Platinum status from EcoVadis for three consecutive years for sustainability efforts. The production process is energy-efficient with some facilities recovering energy from bark and byproducts. REFIBRA™ technology further enhances sustainability by incorporating 30% recycled cotton scraps with wood pulp, diverting textile waste from landfills. EU Ecolabel certification confirms minimal environmental impact throughout entire product lifecycle.
Biodegradable:
Manufacturing:
Innovative closed-loop manufacturing process with minimal environmental impact. Wood chips from sustainably harvested trees are dissolved in non-toxic organic solvent (NMMO) in carefully controlled process. The cellulose solution is extruded through fine spinnerets creating smooth round fibers in "dry jet-wet spinning" process. The revolutionary aspect: 99.8% of the solvent and 95% of process water are continuously recovered, filtered, and reused in perpetual cycle, with only 0.2% requiring replacement. No toxic chemicals like carbon disulfide (used in viscose) involved. No chemical bleaching needed since fiber emerges naturally white. Production facilities often use renewable energy sources and recover energy from biomass byproducts. The entire process from wood pulp to finished fiber takes approximately two hours. Manufacturing facilities must meet stringent environmental standards including EU Ecolabel criteria covering resource efficiency, emissions, and chemical management. Look for TENCEL™ brand from Lenzing AG for guaranteed certified sustainable production, or Birla Excel which recovers 90%+ of chemicals. Generic lyocell may have lower environmental standards.
Microbeads
Sustainability:
Extremely poor environmental profile - one of the worst pillow materials for sustainability. Polystyrene is petroleum-based, non-renewable, and non-biodegradable. Research confirms expanded polystyrene (EPS) persists in landfills for approximately 500 years with minimal degradation when shielded from sunlight. Manufacturing process is energy-intensive, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions and consuming fossil fuel resources. Styrene production releases millions of pounds of toxic air pollutants including styrene, benzene, and ethylbenzene into atmosphere annually. Lightweight beads easily escape into environment causing significant marine pollution - polystyrene constitutes major component of ocean plastic waste. Breaks down into harmful microplastics that enter food chain and ecosystems. Almost no recycling infrastructure exists for microbead pillows.
Biodegradable:
Manufacturing:
High environmental impact manufacturing process. Polystyrene production begins with extraction of petroleum and chemical synthesis of styrene from benzene and ethylbenzene - both toxic carcinogenic compounds. Expansion process uses pentane gas and steam at high temperatures consuming significant energy. U.S. styrene facilities report releasing approximately 32 million pounds of styrene, 3.2 million pounds of benzene, and 2.1 million pounds of ethylbenzene into air annually according to EPA Toxics Release Inventory data. Manufacturing contributes to global warming, air pollution, and disproportionately impacts frontline communities near production facilities. Recycling rate for EPS remains extremely low due to collection and processing challenges. When incinerated for disposal, releases toxic substances including styrene gas and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into atmosphere.